【劉偉】甜心一包養網《學而》篇意蘊探微

“Study” is the first article of “Speech” [①]. The academic community believes that this is the editor’s interest, and the goal is to tell people that they must learn to live in the world and become real people. Huang Kan’s “Yi Shu” says: “There are twenty chapters from “Xue Yu” to “Xu Yue”, and there are no different subjects at the beginning and the end. However, the first one of “Xue Yu” says that all the following are learned by the sages. Therefore, “Xu Yue” says: “Jade cannot be made into a tool without carving, and people are Baobao.com reviewI don’t learn or understand. ’This is a wise man who must learn to accomplish it. Since this book is full of all the classics and teaches everything, “Xuehe” is the first.”[②] Xing Bing’s “Notes and Commentary” also says: “Since ‘xue’ is the first chapter, it is famous. Speakers must learn.”[③] As for whether the sixteen chapters in “Xuehe” can all be related to the purpose of this chapter, there is still no discussion in the academic world today. It is generally believed that only one part is related to the purpose of the tenet.Confidential. For example, Hu Zhikui believes that there are six aspects in the “Study” chapter that are related to “Study”. [④] Huang Qingxin believed that “although this article focuses on learning, it has many chapters that have nothing to do with learning.” Later, in late December, Nan’an City, which had just snowed, its temperature had dropped below zero. Chapter 2 (You Zi said), Chapter 3 (A clever tongue makes people look good), Chapter 5 (The country of Tao Qiancheng), Chapter 9 ( Be careful to pursue the far side), Chapter 11 (the father is observing his aspirations), “The explanation of the content and purpose are incomplete and different. “[⑤] However, some scholars believe that the compilation of this article has an internal logic, which is compiled by the editor based on the philosophical principle of “conforming the order with the four times” of Confucianism, following the order of spring, summer, autumn and winter. [⑥] I believe that since the “Study and” chapter is valued by the editor and is at the main position at the beginning of the chapter, then the sixteen chapters of this chapter should be specially selected by the editor to highlight the essence of “Study”. If you think deeply, this article will explore two basic questions: “What to learn” and “How to learn”. Specifically, it is an exploration from the two dimensions of learning “for others” and learning “self-cultivation”. Learning “being a human being” is now at the family and society level, and telling beginners to learn to handle five relationships: father and son, brother, husband and wife, monarch and subject, and companion well. Learning “self-cultivation” is an important part of 官网 Nowadays, it tells beginners to learn a variety of knowledge, grasp methods, cultivate a variety of talents, and improve comprehensive quality.

1. Family and social aspects: Learning is “for people” and dealing with five relationships well

The “study” in this article not only includes learning various knowledge, but also learning from career practice. The ultimate goal is to learn “for people”, that is, how to do a good job in “people”. “‘Study’ means learning as a human being.” [⑦] To be a good “person”, one must learn to deal with the relationship between good people and people. The “Study” chapter proposes five kinds of human relations, namely father and son, brother, husband and wife, monarch and minister, and companionship. These five relationships are divided into two levels: “father and son”, “brother” and “husband and wife” belong to the “family” and “monarch and minister” and “companion” belong to the social level. In terms of “family”, “parents” and “brothers” belong to blood relationships, while “husbands” belong to marriage relationships. On the “social level”, “monarch and minister” belong to the relationship between individuals and political power, and “companion” belongs to the relationship between individuals. In modern society, once these five relationships are established, they will not be easily changed. For example, “parents” and “brothers” are natural blood relationships, and individuals can only be accepted by themselves and cannot be selected, and they cannot be selected. “My husband” is a marriage relationship, closely related to individuals and family. Although love is a personal matter, marriage is a family matter. “Penyi·Zhifeng·Nanshan”: “What is the case with the teaching of the room? You must tell your parents.” The marriage must be approved by the parents after two parties. Moreover, to “door-to-door” requires approval from both families. Social human scientist Fei Xiaotong said: “Marriage is not a private matter.” [⑧] Whether marriage is a long-term relationship or a dismissal, it needs to be approved by parents and their location and family, rather than by individuals. The relationship between “monarch and minister” is related to the times, and it is difficult for individuals to choose the political power of the times. “Working with parents can do their best; serving the king can help them.” (Studying and · 7) “Working with fathers is the same as the king.” (Yanghuo· 9) Do your best to serve your two families at home and serve your monarch as much as possible outside. This is a common request for men in modern society. For individuals, before the relationship between monarch and subjects is established, individuals can choose whether they can serve the monarch and serve the country’s efficiency, and this choice is within the scope of established political power. Once the relationship between the monarch and the ministers is established, the right to decide on the monarch is fully grasped by the monarch, unless individuals dare to take the risk of “disputing officials”, overturn the government’s power and change the dynasty and the generation.

Compared with the first four relationships, the “companion” relationship is relatively loose, but it is not complete and unrestrained in choosing a partner. There is a big difference between the “companion” of modern society and the “companion” that we know tomorrow. In the pre-Qin literature, “friends”, “friends” and “companions” appeared one after another, and there were differences in meaning. “Guangya·Yin Gu3” says: “Friends are kind.” [⑨] Yu’s commentary on the “Book of Changes” “Revise people with companions and talk” says: “Same type is friends.” [⑩] “Friends” can be regarded as “same type of partners.” “Speaking Wen Jiezi·Youbu” says: “Comrades are friends, and they are from Er You to make (friends).” [11] “Er You” refers to putting two hands together, which means helping each other. “Mandarin: The Four” says: “The same surname is the same virtue, the same virtue is the same, and the same heart is the same, and the same heart is the same.” [12] “Friends” can be